в общем-то вполне исчерпывающе, спасибо! т.е. потеря половины дальности - это только за счет холодной батареи. Теплый салон, чуть побыстрее ехать, да даже встречный холодный ветер убавят еще. "Использовать только 20-30 кВт мощности" - одному мне кажется что это разговоры в пользу бедных? Ты купил машину мощностью 700 лошадиных сил (сравнимо с танковым двиглом, что преподносилось как круть крутейшая), с ох.енным и невиданным для ДВС ускорением, и вот тебе раз - зимой старайся использовать примерно 10% мощности, а то батарею разрядишь. В итоге имеем машину весом 2+ тонны и мощностью Запорожца, любая древняя Тойотка будет такому тесловладельцу зад на каждом светофоре показывать...alpax писал(а):1. Cold air is denser, so drag is greater, 15C vs -15C translates to roughly 12% more drag. This is then multiplied by the cube of speed!
2. Heating the cabin is expensive (2-6 kWh)
3. Rolling resistance is usually higher in the winter time due to snow/ice/rain on roads and ice buildup on cars makes them less aerodynamic
4. Finally cold batteries have higher internal resistance and this is elephant in the room! When I start my drive on a cold day (-15C to -20C). My battery will likely be the same as outdoor temperature (slightly higher). At some point this winter we stayed a full week at our cottage at -25C to -35C!. After about 1-2 hours of driving, the battery usually warms up (can be seen by the regen limitation disappearing) and within two hours you have full regen (battery is now >15C). If you have observed this in your car, you probably also noticed that your consumption was at least 2X rated. The heating of the battery comes from the onboard heater (if you have range mode off) but also comes from the battery's internal resistance. Numbers: a 1200 lbs battery needs 19 kWh to go from -15C to 15C (1200lbs*54(temp delta)/3412(BTUs per kWh) and 25 kWh to go from -25C to 15C. So in my MX 60, about half of the capacity can be lost to waste heat. This is far more significant than the 3 other factors listed above.
3 tips for getting near rated range in the winter time (sorted by most impactful):
1. Preheat. A lot. I will preheat (with range mode off) for up to 4-5 hours If I know that I need the range. Ex for a 250 KM drive (My rated is 310KM). If you have a 6 KW charger, you will need 4 hours to to generate 24 kWh or enough to bring your battery to ideal temp. I like to keep my climate setting at 18C when preheating so that the bulk of the power comes from shore and not from my battery. Preheating like this has a night and day effect on range. If you can park indoors, even better. Preheating gives you a thermal storage equivalent of 25+kWh. Try it.
2. Try to not exceed 20-30 KW of power. Specially with a cold battery. So don't accelerate hard, don't regen hard (coast vs regen). This will again limit the power losses in the battery. Bjorn has a great video on Youtube showing how to very quickly heat up your battery by accelerating and decelerating like crazy. Yes, do the EXACT opposite of what he is doing What is incredible in his video is seeing how quickly you can heat up a battery by having a heavy foot. That's 10s of kWh lost in minutes ... So go easy. This has also made me a much better/zen driver. My Bernese Mountain dog in the back really likes my driving
3. Drive slower. Because of drag being much greater in winter and because of v cubed. CUBED!!!!
Теплые парковки это конечно хорошо но они есть далеко не везде, наш офис например не имеет крытых/теплых парковок вообще. В моллах тоже скорее нет, на хорошем морозе машина и батарея выстудятся за полчаса
Все это конечно кое-как решаемые вопросы для легковых машин и дневных коммютов (ну потеряешь ты половину дальности, все равно до дома хватит), но для траков? Они по теплым парковкам не шарятся, на хайвее при встречном ветру даже прогретая батарея тут же будет вынуждена тратить энергию на прогрев самой себя, стоять прогреваться часами - потеря времени, как груженой машине "использовать 10% имеющейся мощности" я тоже не представляю
пс. вот эта фраза навевает еще более нехорошие мысли, видимо удвоенный расход "электромиль на галлон" это не предел
you probably also noticed that your consumption was at least 2X rated
